PSICOSIS
17 octubre, 2013
Superposición y anomalías distintas de sustancia gris y blanca en la esquizofrenia y el trastorno bipolar I.
English: Brain MRI, T1 weighted, transverse plane, that shows lyssencephaly, manifested as scarce and wide circumvolutions, mostly in the occipital, parietal and temporal lobes. As aggregated findings, there is ventriculomegaly, no true Sylvian cissure, too thick gray matter and ectopic gray matter in the white matter. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
English: Brain MRI, T1 weighted, transverse plane, that shows lyssencephaly, manifested as scarce and wide circumvolutions, mostly in the occipital, parietal and temporal lobes. As aggregated findings, there is ventriculomegaly, no true Sylvian cissure, too thick gray matter and ectopic gray matter in the white matter. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Resumen
Objetivos. La esquizofrenia y el trastorno bipolar pueden compartir mecanismos neurobiológicos comunes, pero pocos estudios han comparado directamente la estructura de la materia gris y blanca en estos trastornos. Utilizamos imágenes de resonancia magnética de difusión ponderada y una región de análisis basada en intereses para identificar superposiciones y alteraciones distintas en la sustancia gris y blanca en 35 pacientes con esquizofrenia y 20 pacientes con trastorno bipolar I en comparación con 56 voluntarios sanos.
Métodos. Examinamos la anisotropía fraccional dentro de la sustancia blanca y la difusividad media dentro de la materia gris en 42 regiones de interés definida en un atlas probabilístico siguiendo el registro no lineal de las imágenes al atlas espacial.
Resultados. Los pacientes con esquizofrenia tuvieron una anisotropía fraccional significativamente más baja en la sustancia blanca temporal (temporal superior y parahipocampal) y occipital (superior y occipital medial) en comparación con los pacientes con trastorno bipolar y voluntarios sanos. Por el contrario, ambos grupos de pacientes mostraron significativamente mayor difusividad media en la sustancia gris frontal (frontal inferior y orbitofrontal lateral) y temporal (temporal superior y parahipocampal) en comparación con los voluntarios sanos, pero no difirieron entre sí.
Conclusiones. Nuestro estudio implica la superposición de alteraciones estructurales del lóbulo frontal y temporal de la materia gris en la neurobiología de la esquizofrenia y el trastorno bipolar I, pero sugiere que los déficits en la sustancia blanca del lóbulo temporal y occipital puede ser un factor de riesgo adicional para la esquizofrenia. Nuestros hallazgos pueden tener relevancia para los sistemas de clasificación diagnóstica futuras y la identificación de genes de susceptibilidad para estos trastornos.
Para acceder al texto completo consulte las características de suscripción de la fuente original:onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1399-5618
FUENTE:
Abstract
Objectives. Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder may share common neurobiological mechanisms, but few studies have directly compared gray and white matter structure in these disorders. We used diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and a region of interest based analysis to identify overlapping and distinct gray and white matter abnormalities in 35 patients with schizophrenia and 20 patients with bipolar I disorder in comparison to 56 healthy volunteers.
Methods. We examined fractional anisotropy within the white matter and mean diffusivity within the gray matter in 42 regions of interest defined on a probabilistic atlas following non-linear registration of the images to atlas space.
Results. Patients with schizophrenia had significantly lower fractional anisotropy in temporal (superior temporal and parahippocampal) and occipital (superior and middle occipital) white matter compared to patients with bipolar disorder and healthy volunteers. By contrast, both patient groups demonstrated significantly higher mean diffusivity in frontal (inferior frontal and lateral orbitofrontal) and temporal (superior temporal and parahippocampal) gray matter compared to healthy volunteers, but did not differ from each other.
Conclusions. Our study implicates overlapping gray matter frontal and temporal lobe structural alterations in the neurobiology of schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder, but suggests that temporal and occipital lobe white matter deficits may be an additional risk factor for schizophrenia. Our findings may have relevance for future diagnostic classification systems and the identification of susceptibility genes for these disorders.
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Animated Brain. The brain is divided into the following lobes: frontal,temporal ,parietal and occipital. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
